bail common
Hist. A fictitious surety filed by a defendant in a (usu. minor) civil action. — Also termed common bail; straw bail.
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bail common
bail common 普通保释保证人 通常在较轻微的民事案件中，被告人为获得保释而提供的虚拟的保证人，如John Doe，Richard Roe。也称作common bail或straw bail。(→special bail)
soit baile aux commons
soit baile aux commons (swah bayl oh kom-[schwa]nz). [Law French] Let it be delivered to the commons. • This is an indorsement on a bill sent to the House of Commons.
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recognizance
recognizance (ri-kog-n[schwa]-z[schwa]nts). 1. A bond or obligation, made in court, by which a person promises to perform some act or observe some condition, such as to appear when called, to pay a debt, or to keep the peace; specif., an in-court acknowledgment of an obligation in a penal sum, conditioned on the performance or nonperformance
factor
factor, n. 1. An agent or cause that contributes to a particular result ( punishment was a factor in the court’s decision). 2. An agent who is employed to sell property for the principal and who possesses or controls the property; a person who receives and sells goods for a commission (a factor was employed
commodatum
commodatum (kom-[schwa]-day-t[schwa]m), n. [Latin commodare “to lend”] Roman & civil law. The gratuitous lending of goods to be used by the borrower and then returned undamaged to the lender. • This ar-rangement is for the sole benefit of the borrower. It is one of three types of contracts for permissive use, the other two being
cepi
cepi (see-pI). [Latin] Hist. I have taken. • Cepi was often used in a capias return by an arresting sheriff, as in cepi corpus et est in custodia (“I have taken the defendant [or body] and he is in custody”). “But for injuries committed with force to the person, property, or possession, of the plaintiff,
culpa
culpa (k[schwa]l-p[schwa]). [Latin] 1. Roman & civil law. Fault, neglect, or negligence; unintentional wrong. See NEGLIGENCE. Cf. DILIGENTIA; CASUS (1); DOLUS(1). 2. Roman law. Conduct that made a party to a contract, or quasi-contract, liable to the other party. lata culpa (lay-t[schwa] k[schwa]l-p[schwa]). [Latin “grave fault”] Gross negligence amounting to bad fath (dolus). • This
mutuum
mutuum (myoo-choo-[schwa]m), n. 1. A transaction (sometimes referred to as a bailment) in which goods are delivered but, instead of being returned, are replaced by other goods of the same kind. • At common law such a transaction is regarded as a sale or exchange, not as a bailment, because the particular goods are not
capias ad respondendum
capias ad respondendum 〈拉〉逮捕令 为逮捕被指控犯有轻罪的人以使其出庭接受传讯〔arraign〕而签发的令状。但在实践中更多使用治安法官签发的逮捕令〔justice’s warrant〕。在英国旧时的普通法诉讼中，在1832年《保释保证法》〔Bail Bonds Act〕颁布前，此种令状被用来开始一般伤害案件的诉讼程序，但它并不实际逮捕被告人，只是要求其出庭并准予提供普通保释保证人〔common bail〕，除非涉讼金额达到一定数目。
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